Pike and Hunting Snake Comparison - 1238 Words

In the poems â€Å"The Hunting Snake† by Judith Wright and â€Å"Pike† by Ted Hughes a strong relationship between man and nature is explored and expressed. Judith Wright was an Australian poet, environmentalist and Aboriginal land rights campaigner. Ted Hughes was an English poet and children’s book writer. Themes discussed in his poems were mostly nature having being fascinated with them from an early age. He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty and violence in the natural world. Both poets explore the appreciation that humans have for animals therefore creating a strong connection between the two. There is however a strong disconnection that is brought on by the fear and lack of understanding of the animal world that humans have. These†¦show more content†¦It is an â€Å"epiphany† moment for them as they have just witnessed something rare that they think of life differently. Flee meaning run away from a place or situation of danger expre sses the. This could relate to â€Å"scarcely thought†. In this situation the characters could think that they are going to be the victims or the prey of the snake, or that they don’t want to think of the horrible torture that the prey will endure. Either way it shows that they fear the snake and its hunter instinct. The word â€Å"froze† is also used to show the fear and stillness the characters have. Freezing being a result of extreme cold – the snake is later referred to as â€Å"cold†. Cold could also mean evil, wicked, etc. Originally the poet of â€Å"Pike† shows an admiration for the pike and its murderous personality as seen in the 4th stanza. During the 7th stanza we see that the poet begins to record experiences through anecdotes. In particular, this fear is shown in these last 5 stanzas. We see the strength of the cannibalistic nature and from that strength, the unease that comes with it. For example, â€Å"one jammed past its gi lls down the others gullet† and â€Å"iron† – both from stanza 7. We see here the brutal attack on one another. Iron is used to show the stubbornness and power that they have as iron is a strong and fixed material. We see fear in the last 3 stanzas through the story of the fisherman. The character describes the pike as â€Å"immense† – meaning extremely large andShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesl in words like á » ¥nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤ rather than h in words like ará » ¥ rather than -la in the perfect form rather than -rA in the neutral form market water house body With these differences, of course, go a host of lexical differences. It is hoped that comparison with other dialects will bring these to light. At the same time, it should be realized that not all the words included here are pure Onitsha. Thus ogà ¨ is a more typically Onitsha word than mÌ€ gbà ¨ for time; yet mÌ€ gbà ¨ is known - and 8 ThereRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPredictors and Sample Size 780 Sections and/or chapter numbers in color can be found at www.thomsonedu.com/statistics/peck xii ââ€"   Contents 15 Analysis of Variance 783 15.1 Single-Factor ANOVA and the F Test 784 15.2 Multiple Comparisons 800 15.3 The F Test for a Randomized Block Experiment 15-1 15.4 Two-Factor ANOVA 15-9 15.5 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 15-22 Activity 15.1 Exploring Single-Factor ANOVA 808 Graphing Calculator Exploration 811

Critical Book Review Red China Blues Essays - 1586 Words

Stephen Mendoza, HIST 2312 Wong, Jan. Red China Blues. Toronto: Doubleday/ Anchor Books, 1996. 395 pages. $11.95 In Jan Wong’s entrancing expose Red China Blues, she details her plight to take part in a system of â€Å"harmony and perfection† (12) that was Maoist China. Wong discloses her trials and tribulations over a course of three decades that sees her searching for her roots and her transformation of ideologies that span over two distinctive forms of Communist governments. This tale is so enticing in due part to the events the author encountered that radically changed her very existence and more importantly, her personal quest for self-discovery. Jan Wong starts out as a naà ¯ve, nineteen year old, Canadian student who is displeased†¦show more content†¦The economy of China boomed once Deng opened its market to foreign investment. It was this shift that caused Wong to start to feel â€Å"schizophrenic† (186), and made her reflect on exactly who she was and what she truly believed in. It was also here that a small sentiment of democracy begin to upheave. The apex of Wong’s book is how she displays the emotional overtones in reciting her account of the Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989. She tells of being holed up in a hotel across the street from the square and actually being able to see the violence between the protesting students and citizens, and the soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army. When she describes bodies falling from gunshot wounds, people being squashed by tanks, and the bullets ricocheting off their hotel walls, it produces multiple senses of horror, sorrow, and absolute terror. She further hammers this point across by displaying two images taken from the scene (245). 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Demand And Supply Of Certain Resources In Australia

Question: Describe about the Demand And Supply Of Certain Resources In Australia. Answer: Introduction Demand and supply remain two fundamental techniques used in the analysis of micro economics. Demand describes the much a given quantity of a commodity is desired and bought by a consumer at a particular level of price. Supply describes the much of a quantity of a commodity a market can offer for sale at specific level of price. Demand and supply of any given commodity anchors varying variables or factors. The demand for commodity X is based on the price of that commodity (Px), price of the associated commodities, income of the consumer, quantity of consumers or the population, preferences and taste of the buyer. The supply for commodity X anchors the price of that commodity (Px), cost of production, price of inputs, and future anticipation regarding price levels. This paper discusses the mechanisms of demand and supply in microeconomic examination as a framework to help discuss the demand and supply of some resources in Australia alongside other factors other than price that determine demand and supply of such resources. Discussion (i) Mechanism of Demand and Supply Ceteris paribus all other determinants of demand of a resource, an increase in price leads to a decrease in demand, and a decrease in price hikes the demand. Simply put, a negative relationship exist between the quantity demand and the price. Conversely, Ceteris paribus all the determinants of supply of a resource, a jump in price upsurges the supply and a declined price downscales the supply. Put in another word, a positive correlation describes the relationship between price and quantity supplied (Delgado 2003). Where economic forces of demand and supply of a market can freely operate, equilibrium market demand at equilibrium market price follows at a point of intersection of demand and supply curve (demand=supply). Thus, the forces of demand and supply are determinants of market price in case of a free market economy where government interventions is curtailed. The illustration is drawn below graphically: In case of excess demand in the economy, the level of price will hike and with the rise in the level of price, suppliers will upsurge the supply, to meet the demand at the level of equilibrium show by point E above. (ii) Factors other than Price Determining Demand and Supply When other determinants of demand with an exemption of its own price fluctuate, the demand curve shifts upwards or downwards depending on the direction of the underlying fluctuation. For instance, where income of a person rises, then at the same level of price, the demand will upsurge with its curve shifting upwards. However, when the income downscales, then the demand will decline leading to downward shift in demand curve as illustrated in figure 2 below. Where other determinants of supply with an exception of its own price, alter, then the supply curve will shift outwards or inwards concurrently with the price level. For instance, when the production cost of product rises, then the supply will decline (Power, Sohal and Rahman 2001). The supply curve will then shift downwards. However, if the cost of production declines, then the supply will hike thereby shifting the supply curve outwards as indicated in figure 3 below. Based on the above examination of the mechanism of demand and supply, the demand and supply of certain resources (agricultural, mining and human) in Australia can be effectively performed in the subsequent subsection. (iii) Analyzing demand and supply of certain resources in Australian Market There are different resources in Australian market. These resource include mining, agricultural, human resource to mention a few. The demand-supply analysis for these resources remain more or less the same. Nonetheless, slight distinctions have been acknowledged between the two analyses. It should, however, be recognized that the analysis is same with agricultural resources. However, for mining and human resources, the analysis of demand and supply is distinct saves economic exogenous factors. These variables bring varying outcomes in demand and supply analysis of a range of economic resources. In the Eastern Australian Gas Market, for instance, asymmetry of alternatives exist in demand-supply analysis. The demand for this Australian Gas Market remained moderately low before 1990s. This was due to the pressure exerted by the international market rather than the price levels of the gas. Because of the vast scale export development from 1990s, the demand and supply of the Gas market have surged throughout the phase of time (Pearson, Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2005). Presently, taking into account, Bowen Surat gas fields case, it is evident that in the coming dozen years, the Liquefied Natural Gas supply from this particular field was completely missing for the local market despite the lack of a conventional rationale for the decline in LNGs supply. This scenario happened fully because of an external factors (McTaggart, Findlay and Parkin 2012). For these dozen years, the entire gases generated in this field remained completely contracted to Liquefied Natural Gas export. Despite the availability of sufficient gas in the eastern reserve potential of meeting the local supply supported by lack of demand zone shortage, a deficit supply of gases existed in the market. Focusing attention on the mechanism of demand and supply of human resources in the country, it can be seen clearly that the human resource demand in the market exceeds that of supply of skilled workforce. This scenario empties into an upsurge in the level of wage of the employees. Heightened supply is unable to meet the demand in spite of this hiked wage-level. This is because there is insufficiency of skilled workers in the Australian market. Conclusion Based on the analysis presented above, it is rational to conclude that the demand and supply of a given resource in Australia, not only relies on the level of the price for the commodity, but also, on certain exogenous as well as endogenous variables (Bahn and Cameron 2012). This has been clear from the example used under the analysis of demand and supply mechanism. It was seen how the demand and supply curves shift with other respective determinants fluctuations. It was also presented how demand and supply curves behave in case of own price changes while holding other determinants constant. References Bahn, S. and Cameron, R., 2012. Skilled labour supply and demand in resource rich regions in Australia. Delgado, C.L., 2003. Fish to 2020: Supply and demand in changing global markets (Vol. 62). WorldFish. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C. and Parkin, M., 2012.Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson. Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D., 2005.Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Power, D.J., Sohal, A.S. and Rahman, S.U., 2001. Critical success factors in agile supply chain management-An empirical study. International journal of physical distribution logistics management, 31(4), pp.247-265. Demand and Supply of Certain Resources in Australia Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply of Certain Resources in Australia. Answer: Analysis of the news article The topic is selected from the ABC news which is uploaded by the Nick Harmsen on 9th March 2017. This article talks about the demand and supply of gas resource in Australian market. This article was presented by the Australian energy market operator which indicates about the shortage of gas supply in Australia (Harmsen, 2017). Gas is a major resource in the market and it can impact the several activities of small business and households. Gas market of Australia is increasing rapidly from last one decade. In this article it is stated that the lower supply of gas in the Australian market would affect the nations power supply. In Australian market, the equilibrium in the supply and demand of gas is not meeting. At the same time, the Australian population is increasing rapidly so it can also threaten the supply of gas in the market. Owing to this, the residential and business would be impacted by the lesser supply of gas (Austrade, 2013). Further, the New South Wales and southern Austral ia would be affected by this lower supply. It is stated that if the supply is not meeting up to the level of demand it resulted into the increment in the price of the gas. From this demand and supply, New South Wales and Southern Australia would be influenced and price of the gas would be increased up to the $14000 per megawatt hour (AEMO, 2016). Along with this, it is also discussed that the lower supply of gas would create a challenge for the energy sector to increase the production of gas (Industry, 2016). Further, the higher demand would influence the commercial and non- commercial people. The economic analysis Australia is one of the most leading economy in the world which is growing rapidly. Oil and gas industry in Australia has a significant contribution in the economy through investment, job opportunities and revenue (Industry, 2016). Further, the contribution is expected to $67 billion by 2030. Demand and supply are the important concepts in microeconomics and these can affect the market scenario of a particular product. Demand can be defined as an ability of consumers to buy the product at specific price (Bumas, 2015). Further, price is major concern in demand of a product. The demand of gas has increased due to the lower production of the gas and the households and commercial business are demanding more gas. On the other hand, supply refers to the quantity of a product that is available in the market at a specific price and customers are ready to buy it on that price. The supply of the gas resource is less as compared to the current demand in Australian market (Energyexempler, 2014). Along with this, the consumption of the gas has increased from last five years. To meet the specific demand, it is requires to increase the supply by 363 gigawatt hours. In summer season, the demand of the electricity is more as compare to the other season. It is stated that the demand of resources increases if the price decreased or the price of substitutes increases but some of the resources are necessary to use then the demand of these resources increases without any price movement (Erickson, 2014). The same situation arises here with the energy industry due to the high demand in market. Demand and supply equilibrium is a state when there is a balance between the demand and supply. It may be affected by the situation factors that lead to the unbalance between the demand and supply movement (Boys, and Melvin, 2013). Australia does not have enough gas production to satisfy the arising demand. The unbalance between demand and supply would be challenging for Australian marketers to control the short term and long term impact. Industrial processing is the important component which initiated the demand increase rapidly. Moreover, the price for the gas has also increased by 60% due to heavy consumption (ABC, 2015). It is also found out the export of the liquefied natural gas has increased it would also influence the pricing of the gas in market. Apart from this, the finance is a major problem for the gas companies to expand the business in this sector and adopt the innovative ways to meet the demand. Demand and supply curve Figure: Demand and Supply (Source: Boys and Melvin, 2013) From the graph of demand and supply it can be reviewed that the market is pool of demand and the supply meet the same by time passing and a time when the demand and supply are equal it called equilibrium situation. On the other hand, In Australian market the situation is too critically for the supply of gas for households and commercial purpose. It is expected the supply of the gas in market would be 20% less from the year 2017 to next five years it would influence the energy sector negatively by reducing the revenue and the hike in the price. Recommendations to the key players in Australian gas market Australian market would face the unbalance between the supply and demand of gas resource in perspective market so the leading companies and governments can resolve this problem through underpinning the potential demand of gas. Further, the government can support the oil and gas companies though supporting them by providing finance to develop more projects (Industry, 2014). Along with this, government can also subsidize the energy sector those are performing well and contributing to the economy well. This economic unbalance would also impact the revenue and operations of small industry because of high cost to buy the gas. To overcome the situation there are many other sources are available which can be used as substitutes like solar power and wind power. It can be recommended to the market players that they can produce more by maintaining the cost for it. On the other hand, gas can be imported if the demand is highly exceeded. Along with this, the energy market can invest in new pipelines projects to mitigating the demand and the new field for the execution of gas can be explored (ABC, 2017). Moreover, energy market can effectively execute the policies which can help the market players to increase the production. With this, companies can transport the gas from where is it cheaply produced at the different locations. New liquefied natural gas projects may also be an alternative solution for this problem and fetch the demand for long term. Conclusion Australian eastern market is facing the problem of sufficient supply for gas because the high demand in the market. Demand crisis would impact the oil and gas business because of less supply, revenue would be affected. On the other hand, energy market companies and government is the major players that can draw the policies to meet the high demand of gas. Government can provide the fund for new fields and project development at low interest rate. It can be concluded that there are various source available as substitutes for the gas as production of electricity by solar and wind. Attractive investment may support the energy sector to develop the new project and increase the production of gas to satisfy the demand. References: ABC, (2015). Australian oil reserves below international standards and will cost billions to fix, energy white paper says. Retrieved from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-08/australian-oil-reserves-substandard/6377160 ABC, (2017). South Australia's power woes expose deeper problems with nation's energy security. Retrieved from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-09/political-leadership-needed-to-secure-future-of-energy-supply/8339116 AEMO, (2016). NATIONAL GAS FORECASTINGREPORT. Retrieved from: https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Gas/National_Planning_and_Forecasting/NGFR/2016/2016-National-Gas-Forecasting-Report-NGFR-Final.pdf Appea, (2014). Oil and gas one of Australias top value-adding industries. Retrieved from: https://www.appea.com.au/media_release/oil-and-gas-one-of-australias-top-value-adding-industries/ Austrade, (2013). INDUSTRY OVERVIEW. Retrieved from: https://www.austrade.gov.au/oil-and-gas/ Boys, W. and Melvin, M. (2013). Fundamentals of Economics. USA: Cengage Learning. Bumas, (2015). Intermediate Microeconomics: Neoclassical and Factually-oriented Models.UK: Routledge. Energyexempler, (2014). Analysing the Demand Supply Dynamics of the Australian South Eastern Gas Market Using PLEXOS. Retrieved from: https://energyexemplar.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Analysing-the-Demand-Supply-Dynamics.pdf

Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay Essay Example

Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay Essay Public private partnership is a concerted venture between the public and private sector in which the populace and genitalias sector carry out a peculiar undertaking on the footing of agreed undertaking and hazards, each party retaining its undertakings and duty. The involvement in PPPs is turning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because it is an efficient manner of presenting the populace services to the multitudes. The fundamental principal behind public private partnership is that, Although Public sector entities may necessitate to be responsible for the bringing of public services, but it is non necessary that it must be really responsible for supplying or set abouting the investing themselves. In this manner all histrions in public private partnership can concentrate on making what they are likely to make in the best possible manner by using their resources and accomplishments. In order to under take any public private partnership for a peculiar venture we have different ma nners or theoretical account for PPPs, Which are described briefly as under. A brief overview of Prominent Models of PPPs Operation and direction contracts We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In these understandings the duty for plus operation and direction is passed on to the private sector entities. The continuance for these contracts is by and large short runing from 3 to 5 old ages, but can usually be extended. The private party is remunerated on a fixed fee footing or on an Incentive footing with premiums linked to specific public presentation marks. Under this understanding the populace party still bears the fiscal and investing hazard associated with the undertakings. This type of contract is an efficient manner to set about a undertaking because the private sector has adequate accomplishments and have strong involvement in bettering the service quality. This theoretical account of PPPs contract is suited for dealing stages which eventually lead to denationalization. Potential strengths of direction The profound advantage of direction contract is that many operational benefits that result from private sector can be availed without reassigning the assets to the private party. Management contract are less thorny to develop as compared to others and are considered less controversial. Thesiss contracts are besides less expensive as compared to others because fewer but efficient staff can be used to carryout the undertaking. They can besides be seen as interim agreements, leting for modest betterments while more comprehensive contracts and constructions are developed. Similarly, a direction contract can be structured to phase-in progressively extended engagement of the private sector over clip and as advancement is demonstrated. Potential failings Despite of the aforementioned advantages of direction contract it besides embodies some drawbacks one of the cardinal disadvantage of this contract is that in this contract the private sector entity who is pull offing a peculiar undertaking does non bask the liberty. This is of import to accomplish deep and permanent alteration besides the division between the duty for service and direction, on one manus, and funding and enlargement planning, on the other, is a slippery one. Service contracts It is a limited type of PPPs theoretical account in this understanding the Private party procure, run an assets for a short span of clip largely for 2 to 5 old ages. In this contract the populace sector is responsible for investing and direction of the undertaking which bears the fiscal and residuary value hazards. While the public sector entity provide the services. It is suited for simple and operational requirments.it is frequently used for toll aggregations. Potential strengths of Service Contract This contract is best suited when the services are clearly defined in the understanding, the demand is moderately certain and the public presentation of the undertaking can easy be monitored. One of the the mammoth advantage of service contract is that it provides us comparatively low-risk option for the enlargement of private sector which in return brings efficiency in the system operation. It is a less expensive manner to bringing the populace services and due to low barrier to competition it encourage competition which in return enhance the public service bringing and it is besides a good beginning of engineering transportation and for the development of managerial capacity. The other outstanding advantages include Decrease in operation cost Access to cheaper labour Cut up in labour preparation cost Access to progress engineering at lower limit cost Enhance service bringing Potential failings Service contracts are used for simple and short term undertaking in this the private sector merely supply their services non the capital investing. But this contract is non suited for such state of affairs in which the aim is to pool up capital.An other of import drawback of this contract is that of loss of managerial control because it is much hard to pull off the outside service supplier as compared to have employees. Besides other draw dorsums include the loss of flexibleness in responding to altering the concern status, lake of internal and external focal point, loss of competitory border, job in contract reclamation and contractual misinterpretation. In this it is hard to cipher the concealed cost associated with the contract like legal cost and the clip require to set the contract into action. Renting understandings It is a fiscal agreement in which the proprietor of a installation sells it to another entity, and later leases it back from the new proprietor. In this contract both public and private sectors entities may come in into sale/leaseback agreements for a assortment of grounds. An advanced application of the sale/leaseback technique is the sale of a public installation to a public or private retention company for the intents of restricting governmental liability under certain statues. Under this agreement, the authorities that sold the installation leases it back and continues to run it. Under this understanding the private party better off merely if it manages to cut down operating costs while run intoing the designated service degree. On the other manus the populace sector bears the hazards associated with the web enlargement, capital betterment and funding. Its life ranges from 12 to 16 old ages, this type of understanding is best suited for substructure. Other outstanding renting con tract include Buy-build-operate ( BBO ) Lease-develop-operate ( LDO ) Wrap-around add-on ( WAA ) Potential strengths One of the chief advantage of this contract is that it brings efficiency in the public service bringing.Also in this contract the commercial hazard is borne by the private sector which give a strong public presentation inducement and which coax the private sector to execute good. Under this contract the private sector competitively bid for supplying the services which in return enhance the bringing of public services. Potential failings As we know that in rental understanding the contractor gross is based on the gross watercourse of the clients payments so in such state of affairs the inquiry of duty degrees is of sensitive nature which can take to possible struggle between the public and private parties. Besides under this understanding the duty of capital investing is of public sector and the fiscal hazard is borne by the populace sector so in this contract no capital is mobilized from the private sector entity and besides labour issues are of more sensitive nature as compared to other PPPs contracts. Concession Contract It is a type of renting contract in which the ownership remain with the authorities while the private party non merely supply capital investing but besides responsible for the care of the assets. After the completion of the undertaking the authorities pays the in agreement amount of money to the private party and gets the assets. It is suited for the building and its life is from 15 to 30 old ages. Potential strengths of grant contract One of cardinal advantage of Concessions is that it helps to mobilise capital from private sector for the building or rehabilitation of bing undertakings. As we know that under this understanding the private sector besides contribute capital for the undertaking so it coax the private sector ( concessioner ) to convey efficiency and effectivity in order to increase his return in the undertaking. It besides encourages the private party to convey invention in the bringing of public services. Potential failings One of the major drawback of this contract is that the complexness of specifying the activities of private sector entity. One of the major disadvantage of this contract rises in instance of long-run undertakings i.e. more than 25 old ages because this complicate the command procedure and the contract design which hinder in expecting the events of the undertaking. Besides due to its long term term of office it is deemed politically controversial and hard to form. Another drawback of this contract is that it limit the competition because of limited figure of qualified contractors are available. Green field Contracts This type of understanding is largely used for the development of new undertakings. Such undertakings are frequently demanded by applied scientists. Examples of Greenfield undertakings are new mills, power workss or airdromes which are built from abrasion. Those installations which are modified/ upgraded are called Brownfield undertakings. Build-Operate-Transfer ( BOT ) In this the private party is responsible for planing, building and operation of the assets. In this public party bears the fiscal hazards but it has control on of import stages of the life rhythm of the undertaking. This type of contract bring efficiency in the undertakings and removes the of import care issues from public budget This integrated strategy obliges the private operator to take into history the cost of runing the plus during the design and operation stage and hence stimulates a better planning and direction of the service itself It include the undermentioned types Build-own-operate-transfer ( BOOT ) Build-rent-own-transfer ( BROT ) Build-transfer-operate ( BTO ) Build-lease-operate-transfer ( BLOT ) Potential strengths As we know that BOTs have been largely used to pull private support to the building or redevelopment of substructure. Hence one of the cardinal advantage of BOT understandings is that it reduces commercial hazard for the private spouse because there is frequently merely one client, i.e. public sector ( authorities ) .The following are some of the major advantages of BOT contract Due to the efficiency of private sector the public services can be delivered with lower limit cost As the private sector straight involved in this so it reduces the public debit, equilibrating the beget shortage and cut down the function of public sector. It besides installation the transportation of progress engineering by irrupting international contractors in the host state. Potential failings The followers are some of the major disadvantages of BOT contract The dealing cost in this instance is higher as compared to other contracts Not suited for little undertakings. The success of this undertaking depends upon the successful elevation of financess. BOT undertakings are successful merely when significant grosss are generated during the operation stage. A CASE STUDY This instance survey is one of the best illustration of public private partnership ( service contract ) which is lending to the overall economic development of Pakistan. Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development and Management Company ( FIEDMC ) Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development and Management Company ( FIEDMC ) is a classical illustration of PPP where the public money is being gainfully managed by the private sector to accomplish optimal consequences. Established in late 2004 under Companies Ordinance Act 1984 on the footing of Public Private Partnership, the company is managed by a 21 member Board of Directors-16 from private sector and 5 from public sector. The function of public sector managers is more facilitative than monitoring. The private sector managers provide their services without any wage on voluntary footing. This eliminates the net income gaining facet of the private sector and puts them under heavy moral duties for wise usage of public money. They are of all time witting of the assurance vested in them by the populace sector and other subdivisions of society. The company was assigned the undertaking to develop two industrial estates viz. Value Addition City ( VAC ) and M-3 Industrial City ( M-3 IC ) . The full development cost has been provided as seed money by Government of the Punjab. Value Addition City ( VAC ) VAC is a to the full functional province of the art aesthetically developed industrial estate catering for the demands of SMEs. It is spread over an country of over 200 estates where about all the secret plans have been sold out and industries have started mushrooming in this metropolis. It has provided an unprecedented alleviation to industrialists who were in hunt of a piece of land where all public-service corporations and installations would be available at their door measure. Some of the industrialists have described it as the most beautiful industrial estate of Pakistan. Security has been given top most precedence and effectual stairss have been taken to guarantee the safety of assets of the investors. M-3 Industrial City ( M-3 IC ) This is the largest industrial estate development undertaking in the state. The kineticss of such a big undertaking are wholly different from any other undertaking on a lesser graduated table. It involves advanced maestro be aftering catering for the demands of all concern sectors, both industrialists and service suppliers. It entails the fulfilment of the demands and wants of prospective international purchasers and investors- wants usually transcending their demands but have to be addressed to. The construct of 3rd party logistics ( 3 PL ) would besides be to the full engrained in such a big industrial environment without which optimal consequences can non be obtained. While the civil plants have been designed on internationally recognized criterions, province of the art telecommunication system has been planned to fit the best in the field. An outstanding characteristic of this industrial estate is the proviso of common installations which are otherwise expensive for single indust ries. Two Common Effluent Treatment Plants ( CETPs ) are being provided to guarantee environment friendly disposal of the wastewater. Transport installations will be provided by the direction of M-3 IC to guarantee nice transposing within the industrial metropolis. Labor settlements are being developed on a big graduated table at both terminals of M-3 IC giving healthy environment for the labour. It will make about 3 million occupations both straight and indirectly. A immense sum is being spent on proviso of high quality electricity which will be distributed through 11 grid Stationss. A Failure of PP Project ( Metronet UK ) The London belowground rail system is the universe foremost belowground system which was established in 1863 and up to early 20 century it was operated by six private operators. But due to their substandard services its activities was straight or indirectly classified by the UK governments by 1933. In February 2002 it was decided to convey betterment in the public service bringing by come ining into a PFI contract with the private sector.Under this agreement it was decided that care and reclamation of London belowground substructure would be incorporated through three PPP contracts Under this understanding the Responsibility for Stationss, train operations, signaling and safety remained in the Public sector, being run by London Underground Limited, a new operating company set up for the intent. It besides had duty for finding service forms and puting menus. Under this PPP undertaking there were three private sectors companies which were called infracos viz. Infraco BCV Bakerloo, Central, Victoria, Waterloo A ; City. Infraco JNP Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly. Infraco SSL Circle, District, East London, Hammersmith A ; City, Metropolitan. To better the Services and to guarantee long-run assets direction a 30 twelvemonth contract was signed which is divided into 7.5 twelvemonth section. In this agreement an Arbiter was besides appointed whose function was to decide the differences between the London Under Ground Limited and an infaco sing the payment and other issues. On December 31 2002 Tube Line acquired Infraco JNP and on April 2003 Metronet acquired the other two infracos.The PPP contract give legal ownership of London Underground substructure during the term of the catching In July 2007 the work of modernisation of London Underground Infrastructure was entrusted to Metronet BCV and Metronet SSL.and the fund was provided by the Government under PPP. But Metronet was unable to finish their undertaking in the in agreement clip and estimated cost of command. By March 2005 Metronet had non completed any of the eight Stationss due. Merely 11 out of 35 Stationss were accepted as delivered by March and eventually the London Underground Limited purchased 95 % of Metrone s outstaniding debt duties from its private sector loaners in February 2008 instead than refunding this debt over the 30 old ages of the contract. The Department for Transport ( DfT ) made A ; lb ; 1.7 billion of grant available to assist London Underground do so. Causes of Failure of this Debacle of PPP The followers are some of the chief ground for the fiasco of this PPP contract. Poor Corporate Governance and Leadership construction of Metronet and tied Supply concatenation direction Supplier was failed to give timely information to Metronet direction about the costs against bringing. Ambiguities in the range of the undertaking and hapless plan direction. Besides it was found that it was unable to put to death the the operation in the best possible manner and lake of efficiencies in concern disposal activities. Decisions From the aforementioned treatment on the assorted outstanding types of PPPs theoretical accounts we conclude that It is non ever fruitful to come in to a PPP understanding.So the authorities should non come in into such contract without accurate and comprehensive appraisal of the hazard transferred to the private sector and a house thought that what would represent an appropriate monetary value for taking such degree of hazard. If it does non reassign an appropriate degree of hazard to the private sector so it should non be availed. PPPs can be really helpful for the public service bringing if the implicit in drawbacks are minimized and to minimise the hazard associated with these theoretical accounts we must use each theoretical account harmonizing to the type of job we are work outing. For case if we need for Capital so BOT/BOO/Divestiture can be used. In instance if we need for Expertise and Performance so Management Contract can be the best option. But if we need for Expertise me rely so Service Contract is the best option. Or if we are confronting a composite job which can non be solved with one theoretical account so a combination of these theoretical accounts can be used. Mentions www.ncppp.org/howpart/ppptypes.shtml Article by By Brig.Ahmad Riaz Siddiqi ( Retd ) , X-Chief runing officer FIEDMC ( Dawn Saturday, December 20, 2008 ) PUBLIC Private PARTNERSHIPS Models and Trends in the European Union Writers: Andrea RENDA ( Senior Research Fellow, CEPS ) and Lorna SCHREFLER ( Research Assistant, CEPS ) India time.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cyfuture.com/disadvantages-of-outsourcing.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investorwords.com The failure of Metronet REPORT BY THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL | HC 512 Session 2008-2009 5 June 2009 Department Of Management Sciences Ciit Islamabad

The Question of Civility Professor Ramos Blog

The Question of Civility Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was a ground-breaking piece of literature work that not only seemed to define what American Literature should be but defined what the national identity could be. It also exemplified what the United States was experiencing in certain parts of the country. Throughout the story, Twain seems to highlight a lot of contradictory behaviors and social expectations. While these are not apparent to the characters as a reader there are moments where we are overwhelmed by his critique of daily life in the southern part of the country. America was still trying to cope with its troubled past and the rippling effects that came about after the civil war. The most obvious struggle our protagonist encounters is that civility can never be independent of society and thus flawed. In his 1895 lecture tour, Twain described Adventure of Huckleberry Finn as containing a two-pronged moral conflict in which â€Å"a sound heart† collides with â€Å"a deformed conscience.† (6) The story seems to highlight opposing views of morality in which a person is born with the intrinsic value of what is right and wrong and those who upon observation of the social norms dictate what is indeed correct or not. Now, civility encompasses a wide range of material that must be combined in order to be considered civilized in that era. Huck Finn is an anomaly as he does not wish to conform to these ideas and become cultured, which is what people of the age considered the epitome of civility. He has grown in a very different way than most and decides that he enjoys being uncivilized. He considers a lot of what is required to be considered civil folly and restrictive. Huck is a spectacular case because we have ample examples of where his morality is not only tested but reconceived. As previously stated, morality and civility are greatly interwoven and cannot be separated quite clearly. Many of the questions that Huck is faced with were of great controversy at the time. For instance, the biggest misconception that was widely accepted was that black people were inferior to white people. The country, which was still reeling from the damages that constituted the civil war was also afflicted with a lack of resolution. As coined by Paul Tillich, a Jewish philosopher, â€Å"Sin is separation† and the creation of laws of segregation as well as Jim Crow laws were forms of this concept all over the country. Being civil meant that it was not only your duty as a citizen but a moral duty as a Christian to report and turn in slaves seeking freedom. Civility meant a complete lack of empathy toward people of a different color. Religion, which at this time was considered on par with civility was the greatest factor in determining what was acceptable and what was not. This is especially true when while deciding which days Tom’s and Huck’s band would meet. â€Å"Ben Rogers said he couldn’t get out much, only Sundays, and so he wanted to begin next Sunday; but all the boys said it would be wicked to do it on Sunday, and that settled the thing† (112). Despite the fact that they want to steal and commit murder they will not partake this deed during Sunday because it is a holy day. The irony of this is immense as they seem to have missed a great portion of the teachings by the Bible including thou shall not kill. Miss Watson who preached that civility was a must is also someone who is considered a hypocrite because of her ownership of slaves as well as willing to sell families for financial gain. She is the embodiment of what it meant to be civil in this era yet was devoid of the compassion that her faith required from her. Religion aside there are concepts of societal standards to be upheld by every white citizen during this time. If any slaves were on the run, they were to be returned to their masters. This is an ongoing inner conflict within Huck as he soon befriends Jim, a runaway slave but who is useful as Huck is still only a child. While he does consider himself uncivilized he still is afflicted with what he considers a law, which is slaves should never run away. While not a slave this is something Huck is doing himself, running away to avoid responsibility and fails to see how this is unfair to Jim and how he sets different standards for himself. Huck decides to use Jim in order to avoid suspicion but promises Jim to help him get to freedom even if he is conflicted. He begins selfishly but along the way redefines himself and grows to care for Jim. There are however moments of turmoil as previously stated he is still just a young boy. This is not lost on Jim who states â€Å"Dah you goes, de ole true Huck;de de on’y white genlman dat ever kep’ his promise to ole Jim†(204) and this sentence sets the stage for the progression of the story but it implies that perhaps Huck is the only moral character in the south. We do however see the conflict that arises within Huck when he states the following â€Å"And then think of me! It would get all around, that Huck Finn helped a nigger to his freedom; and if I was ever to see anybody from that town again, I’d be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame† (233). You clearly see the struggle with this comment despite not wanting to conform he still thinks of himself as a good kid and someone who is good does not condone the breaking of the law. Later when we see his shift and his readiness for â€Å"damnation† you can clearly see the divide between what would be considered an absolute and conditional. As an individual y ou must set forth your categorical imperatives and never sway even if you are to be labeled a brute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is discernible that Mark Twain is effectively saying that morality and civility while encompassing similar paths can and should diverge depending the scenarios. Civility is brought upon by expectations or duties placed on by the society which can ultimately corrupt the individual. For Twain it seems morality should be constant no matter time or place and should take precedent. While some consider this novel racist based on the language it is paramount to understand that Twain used this platform to highlight to double standards practiced during this time especially with slavery. It is vital that this story continues to be read and taught as many of its issues are still prevalent more than 130 years later. If we are to learn from out past, we must revisit the books that question what we considered paramount. Schinkel, Anders. â€Å"Huck Finn, Moral Language and Moral Education.† Journal of Philosophy of  Education, vol. 45, no. 3, 2011, pp. 511-525.Bollinger, Laurel. â€Å"Say It, Jim: The Morality of Connection in ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.’†Ã‚  College Literature, vol. 29, no. 1, 2002, pp. 32–52.Baym, Nina, and Robert S. Levine.  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.  The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton, 2013. 105-281. Print.

Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News - Emphasis

Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News We sometimes learn as much from our failures as from our successes often more so. But if we simply move on and never communicate these lessons, the value of these lessons will always be limited. This is why communicating is key to creating a culture of best practice that helps you to set benchmarks for your hospital. If were not to limit that communication to a very small audience (those we can talk to), then that means written communication. These days more than ever, any written communication has to compete with the literally millions of other messages that bombard us every day. Professional communications compete with an endless stream of news and advertising messages for mental bandwidth. So to get your particular message across, your reports or emails need to be concise and clearly show your ideas and recommendations. Your colleagues need to be able to see that you have a definitive viewpoint. And any documents you write for patients need to be easy to understand. Time spent on this area should bring benefits beyond the harnessing and transfer of knowledge. As with most clichs, theres more than a grain of truth in the mantra that you need to publish or perish. Perfecting your writing skills will make it easier to turn your hard-won knowledge into scientific papers for the literature, in turn helping to cement your reputation as a leader in your field, both nationally and internationally. Yet the irony is that despite its importance, most clinicians have never been taught professional writing skills. In fact, using basic essay and report writing skills developed through academic study is akin to using GCSE biology to investigate sudden cardiac death. Good writing takes practice. And even the best writers sometimes get bogged down in the finer details of their research and fail to deliver the main messages of their work. The secret is to have a checklist of writing tools to keep you on track. If you consistently apply these techniques, youll transform your writing and in turn your ability to influence your patients and peers. Report writing made simple Many people see report writing as a chore, and put it off until the last minute. Then, faced with a looming deadline, they cobble together something that doesnt differentiate the key points from other information. In doing so, theyll probably focus more on the writing process than on the readers needs. Doubtless you rarely if ever have the luxury of time to set aside for thinking and preparing. But just sitting away from your PC and planning what you want to include and in what order can pay dividends. Focus on your reader Its vital to ascertain your readers level of knowledge when writing about it. Ask yourself the following questions: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? Map out your ideas Decide what you want to include before you begin writing. (Do not be tempted to use the writing process to clarify your thoughts.) For longer, more complex documents, it often helps to write your topic in the middle of the page and use a mind map as a tool for brainstorming your ideas. Then use a pen to group together the ideas that have things in common. Next decide what order to put your groups in, starting with the most important group first. Cross out anything that is irrelevant to your reader: never be tempted to include information simply because you have it. And earmark non-essential detail for appendices. Dont be tempted to shortcut this process by creating lists on your computer instead. Using a pen and paper can help to keep your mind fresh. It encourages the creative process, as it helps you to link ideas rather than thinking in a linear fashion. The messier you are now, the more ordered your thinking will be later. Clarify your main message Now that youve decided what your most important idea is, your next task is to explore this in more detail. Take another sheet of paper and write the headings: What?, Where?, When?, How?, Why?, and Who? Keep writing down the answers to these questions until you get to the heart of what youre really trying to say. Then, with this main message in mind, decide on a final order for the rest of your points. Following this process will help you avoid the temptation to cram every idea or piece of data into your report. Its more important to have a clearly defined point of view than to give the reader value for money with a jam-packed document. Craft a compelling summary An executive summary should highlight your recommendations right at the top, with your reasons second. For example, if your report concludes that a type A personality is a huge risk factor for a cardiac arrest, this information needs to come first. The interesting finding that single men visit their GP less than married men is probably best left for the main body of the report unless you decide to make this your angle. The choice is yours, because the secret to great report writing is to have a definitive point of view, no matter what it is. Dont forget that the world is suffering from information overload, and if your readers fully digested every document sent to them, theyd find little time to do anything else. Even if your writing is impeccable, it will still compete for your readers attention with a mountain of other documents, including emails, texts and even Twitter updates. Keep this in mind with every sentence you write. A new scientific style To truly develop your writing style you need to bid farewell to the rules of academic writing. In universities and other educational institutions, the more knowledge, information and argument you display, the better the work is received. Its also standard practice to write in the passive voice. And its common to reach a conclusion only after a long period of argument and analysis. But it is possible for your work to be scientifically sound and compelling. You can use short sentences and paragraphs and still present a rigorous clinical review. And you dont need to use jargon all the time, even if you are communicating to colleagues (but see below). Question your use of language and make conscious decisions about your writing. Quick style tips Apply the following tips to every document your write to make sure your work is clear, concise and compelling. Avoid the passive voice Use the active voice, where possible. So instead of: advances in atrial fibrillation ablation have been made, write we have made advances in atrial fibrillation ablation. Using the words we, you and us, can also help you to connect with your readers. Make sentences short and sweet Keep your readers attention by using an average of 15-20 words in each sentence. Prune your sentences by going through your document and cutting out meaningless phrases and non-essential information. Choose simpler words over more complicated alternatives. When writing for the public, for example, its much better to write the phrase giving up smoking than smoking cessation. Put only one idea in each sentence The following sentence contains two separate ideas: Even though cardiologists play an important role in influencing the lifestyle choices of their patients, some experts are concerned that they need more focus in this work. Far better to split it in two: Cardiologists play an important role in influencing the lifestyle choices of their patients. Yet some experts are concerned that they need more focus in this work. Practise splitting up your ideas in this way to make your writing easy to read (and write, incidentally). Jargon is not the bogeyman Its perfectly acceptable to use jargon if youre sure that your readers will understand it. Your fellow medical professionals will instantly know what the following sentence means. A review of the epidemiological literature has identified that psychosocial factors contribute to the onset of cardiac disease. But it would probably bemuse the typical layperson. If in doubt, underestimate your readers level of knowledge. Avoid management speak In some workplaces, people have found it almost impossible to speak without using terms such as going forward, utilise and pre-prepare. But while these words may get bandied about in board rooms, dont be tempted to use them in documents. Instead of going forward write in the future; opt for use instead of utilise and remember that theres no such thing as preparing before you prepare. Ask yourself if what youre writing really makes sense, and dont be afraid to cull words and sentences if it doesnt. Beware of abbreviations Abbreviations are a great shortcut when you and your reader speak a common language. But dont forget that there may be acronyms and abbreviations that people outside your profession just wouldnt know. Find your flow If you find it difficult to get started, try writing in short bursts. Start by writing for 30 minutes and keep increasing this time until youre comfortable writing for up to two hours. Keep referring to your plan, and just aim to write very specific sections of information. No matter how long or short your final document, even squeezing in a 15-minute session can help you make progress. Check your facts It can be such a relief to finish a document that you forget to proofread it. But making simple spelling mistakes, typos and other errors can seriously undermine the validity of your work. Proofread extra slowly by stopping a pencil at each word to check that its accurate. And ask a colleague to do the same. Its easier for a fresh pair of eyes to spot any mistakes. The art of article writing Magazine articles are a powerful vehicle for communicating your ideas and opinions. There are lots of industry titles that you could contribute to including Cardiology News. Once youve fully brainstormed and planned what you want to include (see the steps above in the report writing made simple section) there are three principles to follow. Create a snappy headline The headline is the most important part of your article. Its the first thing people see and will determine whether or not they want to read on. So choose a striking headline. Patients celebrate return to health with alcohol and cigarettes is better than Adverse lifestyle trends remain one year after cardiac arrest. The first headline is more interesting as it clearly presents the irony of choosing an unhealthy lifestyle when youre lucky to be alive. Find an angle Using the headline above, you could outline examples of patients whove reverted to their unhealthy ways and explain how, why and when they did this. Include facts and statistics to back up your findings. And make sure your article contains a definitive viewpoint. Bite the bullet As with report writing, you need to focus on making things simple for your reader. Include lots of bullet points and subheadings and use the important words that your readers will be looking for. Becoming a recognised industry expert Writing well-received articles and reports lays the ground work for being recognised as a leading medical expert. Even if youre happy doing your day job with as little fanfare as possible, its still worth communicating with the media. Your articles can encourage other clinicians to adopt your best practice. And they give you the opportunity to extend to circle of influence to the general consumers by using your writing as a health promotion tool. Start close to home by suggesting article ideas to medical magazines. The best articles to position yourself as an expert are ones where you give a new insight into existing issues. You could present a new take on the prevalence of heart disease or outline how a new piece of government legislation will affect clinicians working lives. Send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write a snappy headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write an attention grabbing opening paragraph and a few bullet points about what your article will include. The magazines editor can then give you further guidelines on content and style. Letters to the editor An easy way to begin your media campaign is to comment on relevant industry stories by writing letters to the editor. Use the SCRAP formula to grab readers attention. The acronym stands for: situation, complication, resolution, action and politeness. Situation Begin by explaining the current situation (or where we are now). Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem (why we cant stay here). Resolution State your resolution to the problem. The reader will perceive you as an expert because you have a ready-made way of fixing things. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. Offer a viewpoint that is new and intriguing. Politeness Finally, end with a polite, but thought provoking sign-off. As in any profession, there are frustrating days when patients seem Hell-bent on ignoring your advice, or hospital politics get the better of you. Good communication is a step to resolving these issues and learning to write clearly about them can help relieve your frustration. Developing your writing skills can even help you communicate better with your patients. The principles are the same: focusing on your patient, clarifying your main message and using words theyll understand. And when you start to view your communication skills as being as essential as your clinical skills; your new found abilities will begin to pay dividends. Robert Ashton is the Chief Executive of Emphasis. Want to write better documents? See our courses for individuals or our courses for groups. Alternatively, send us a message or call one of our friendly advisors on +44 (0)1273 732 888

Discuss the relevance of actor network theory and systems thinking for Essay

Discuss the relevance of actor network theory and systems thinking for design and implementation of infrastructure systems - Essay Example Actor network theory outlines the underlying attributes of an information system that are sensitive. It offers a language to describe an information infrastructure. This language describes where, how and the extent to which technology influences the society and human behavior. The process is important during the identification of the technical components that are installed in the system’s modules. Actor network theory is a strategic approach to system thinking because it questions categories of an information system (Onsrud 2007 p. 17). This theory targets the performing order by establishing effects, facts, technological solutions and beliefs. The relationship between society and technology can be conceptualized in different ways. Information technology is a critical factor in the development of a society because it simultaneously enables the amplification of dominating trends that are important for the restructuring of societies. Information technology figures and constrains changes in a society. Members of a society develop the technologies that they want, and they use these technologies for the sustainability of the society (Calderà ³n & Servà ©n, 2004, p. 3). Information technology aids societies to promote the interests of different members, particularly in the control of labor. Information systems comprise large numbers of inter connections and modules. Actor network theory presents a framework that is relevant concerning the design and implementation of information infrastructures. Actor network theory is relevant in the design and implementation of an infrastructure system because it is grounded on simple observations. This theory is concerned with the ways in which design and implementation are done, rather than the ways in which these processes are normatively supposed to be approached. Actor network theory explains how technological artifacts are designed. In addition, the theory explains the processes that are performed during the design of a

Racial Communitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racial Communitarianism - Essay Example This is a post-post-modernist development in the sense that it engulfs not only traditions of libertarianism, modernity of civil society and peculiar amalgamation of both these to bring forth something anew as good governance but also its quest for a balanced form of State and social ethos. Racial Communitarianism thus reflects a search and global movement for equal respect and opportunities to people of all races in the pursuance of their duties as human beings and citizens of a global civil society. Rights will then be natural corollary of duties so performed professionally. Communitarianism is also an attempt to work towards fighting various apparently fascist tendencies of libertarianism such as overarching power channels and structures like the Security Council of the United Nations and the all powerful stature of the President of United States despite inherent checks and balances in the political system. Communitarianism is, indeed, an emerging movement to go beyond the shackles of a sovereign nation-state. It is moving ahead into the realms of a global civil society tackling a number of its issues and problems on its own without always looking up to the State for all its solution. Standing on one's own feet, preserving one's self-respect, economic and multicultural empowerment alongwith individual based and logically viable soc

Indonesia Essay Example for Free

Indonesia Essay In the past, people in the Indonesia used to eat healthy and freshly prepared food with their families in their home. However, many people, particularly young people, prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, and pizza because it is really tasty. There are several causes and effects of consuming fast food, and this change has occurred such as change in lifestyle, influence in advertising, impact on health, loss of the family tradition of eating together, and impact on the economy. First, there are several causes for the popularity of fast food. A first reason is the change in lifestyle. Many people in the Indonesia are working long hours, shifts, or extended school days. They do not have time to find ingredients or prepare good food. A second reason is advertising. The Indonesia is a modern with all forms of media such as the Internet and satellite television, and people like to try new products and different kinds of fast food. However, this change can have some serious effects. One effect is on health. Many people in the Indonesia  are becoming obese. These people will be less productive and have conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. Another result of fast food culture is the loss of the family tradition of eating together. Children and adults rarely eat together now, and thus get less opportunity to talk. A further effect is on the economy. Although fast food is not very expensive, it is more expensive than cooking properly for yourselves. Many of the fast-food companies are franchisees of foreign corporations, so profits leave the country. In conclusion, fast food, although it is convenient and delicious, it can have serious health and social effects. People should learn to choose fast food carefully and remember the pleasure of eating good food in good company.

Tennessee Williams Essay -- essays research papers

Tennessee Williams   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. As a child, he lived with his mother and grandfather. When he was fourteen, Williams too first place in an essay contest sponsored by a national magazine, The Smart Set. At the age of seventeen, his first published story appeared in the August 1928 issue of Weird Tales. A year later Williams entered the University of Missouri but in 1932 he withdrew and took a job at the shoe factory where his father held a job as a sales manager. In 1935 Williams returned to college and graduated from the University of Iowa in 1938. Williams had begun writing plays while attending the University of Missouri and after his graduation he had supported himself doing a variety of small jobs. In 1939 he won a national drama award for a group of plays called American Blues. Williams achieved his first great stage success with The Glass Menagerie, which was produced in New York City in 1945. This play won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Prize as the years best play. Williams averaged two plays a year since that time. On February 4, 1983, Tennessee Williams died in New York City. Throughout Williams' lifetime he has put forth more than twenty- five full-length plays, more than forty short plays, a dozen produced (and unproduced) screenplays and an opera libretto. These have been translated into at least twenty-seven languages, including Tamil, Welsh, Ma...

Negotiable Instrument

Plymouth Horizon automobile, John Lowbrows gave Sally a handwritten note which stated the following: â€Å"l promise to pay $500 In two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The following language was included on the back of the writing: The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please see the corresponding security agreement for rights and obligations pertinent thereto. Is this a negotiable Instrument? RULE: 3-106 permits the Instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made â€Å"subject to† the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnny's 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made â€Å"subject to† the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It reference the content of the contract regarding rights to repayment and acceleration. Negotiable Instrument Plymouth Horizon automobile, John Lowbrows gave Sally a handwritten note which stated the following: â€Å"l promise to pay $500 In two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The following language was included on the back of the writing: The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please see the corresponding security agreement for rights and obligations pertinent thereto. Is this a negotiable Instrument? RULE: 3-106 permits the Instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made â€Å"subject to† the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnny's 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made â€Å"subject to† the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It reference the content of the contract regarding rights to repayment and acceleration.

Bollywood Museum-Architectural Thesis

BOLLYWOOD MUSEUM, MUMBAI The museum for Indian cinema referred to as BOLLYWOOD MUSEUM, is an initiative by Ministry of film and broadcasting, Govt. of India to celebrate 100 years of Indian Cinema. The aim of project is to enlighten the people and future generations about the glory of our cinema industry and enlighten them about the people who made our country the largest cinema industry of world. As per the brief from the ministry, the major exhibits in the museum would be: Artefacts, equipments like Cameras, Editing, & Recording Machines, Projectors etc. Costumes, Photographs and other material are proposed to be kept in the Museum. The properties, dresses, sets, tapes, vintage equipment, posters, copies of important films, prints, promotional leaflets, developing equipment books, biographies, sound tracks, trailers, transparencies, Cinema magazines, statistics covering film distribution etc. to be displayed in a systematic arrangement depicting the history in a chronological manne r, will be procured through donations and also by purchase.There will also be a Museum shop which will sell the copies/photographs etc. of the vintage items, books and booklets on the work of noted film makers and mementoes. The site chosen for the project is in the premises of the Film division office on Pedder road in south Mumbai. The site consists of existing office buildings, a library building in dilapidated condition which would be replaced by a new building in the design and a century old construction known as Gulshan Mahal. The rejuvenation of this building forms the major architectural concern for the project.This building awarded with Urban Heritage award in 2001 was formly used as a shooting set and now would form the main component of the complex design. The building would be rejuvenated with an active plaza in front of it. The design of the museum was evolved from the basic unit of film industry†¦ the reel. The form of the building was inspired from the spooling f ilm over the reels. The circulation of the museum aims at giving the visitor a complete route of the Indian cinema industry from production to people, evolution to screening. The route of circulation defines the shape of building.The dynamic form of the building makes it ‘filmy’. The design process started with identification of the programmes to be introduced in the building. The programme was divided into three major categories based on function named as museum, commercial and library. The museum building would house the administrative areas and the exhibits of the museum. The new library building is planned to replace the existing library building which was in dilapidated condition. The commercial area was planned to house a souvenier shop, cafeteria and a restaurant.All the three areas were made approachable through the same plaza from the drop off point. The drop off point amidst the three building complexes was intended to give the visitor a feeling of apparently entering the building from the car. The design of the complex was made to frame the Gulshan Mahal in the new building, as viewed from the drop off point. The visitor is given a grand welcome in the museum building with a grand atrium with a skylight on top which introduces light inside and hence visually adds to the volume of the space. The museum galleries were designed as per the given requirement of the exhibit by the ministry.The exhibits were divided as per their use in industry and its impact. Apart from the given requirements, some new galleries were introduced. The circulation of the building starts with the introduction gallery and with each changing exhibit area, the level rises upto 1m and hence viewing the different stages of production of a movie, the visitor reaches the higher level of building exhibiting the costumes and props used in the industry. from where it moves to the other part of the building through a connecting bridge exhibiting the life and works pf Dadasa heb Phulke known as the father of the Indian Cinema.The similar concept of rising levels with the exhibits apply for the subsequent exhibition of the changing trends in the movies. Reaching the higher level, the visitor passes through the gallery exhibiting the life and works of film makers which connects the library building to the commercial building. Repeating the concept of rising levels, with music and dance galleries, the visitor reaches back to the museum complex through the gallery of life of actors/actresses. The highest level houses the screening area which intend to screen the rare and special movies or may be used while film festivals. he route of the museum acts like the film spooling over the three reels of musum, library and commercial building and thus defines the overall shape of the museum. The rising levels, connecting bridges give it its dynamic shape. The central plaza in front of the Gulshan Mahal is intended to add activity in the complex making it more lively and thus gives a welcoming approach to the Urban Heritage building which has lost its importance over time. This building shall be retained as a live shooting set which would act as a museum for the equipments used during shooting.An informal seating space in the plaza is planned to address the groups educating them about the place and the industry. The concept behind the planning of Bollywood museum is to create a sculpture that relates to the industry it is exhibiting with interesting twists and turns which adhere to our masala Indian Movies. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Source: NATIONAL MUSEUM OF INDIAN CINEMA Ministry of Information & Broadcasting Government of India Films Division Complex 24-Dr. G. Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai-400 026. Email : [email  protected] org / website : www. filmsdivision. org

German Holidays Customs and Celebrations

German Holidays Customs and Celebrations The German holiday calendar has several in common with other parts of Europe and the United States, including Christmas and New Years. But there are several notable holidays that are uniquely German throughout the year.   Here is a month-by-month look at some of the major holidays celebrated in Germany.   Januar (January)  Neujahr (New Years Day)   Germans mark the New Year with celebrations and fireworks and feasts. Feuerzangenbowle is a popular traditional German New Years drink. Its  main ingredients are red wine, rum, oranges, lemons, cinnamon, and cloves. Germans traditionally send New Years cards  to tell family and friends about events in their lives during the past year. Februar (February)  Mari Lichtmess  (Groundhog Day) The American tradition of Groundhog Day has its roots in the German religious holiday  Mari Lichtmess, also known as  Candlemas. Beginning in  the 1840s, German immigrants to Pennsylvania had observed  the tradition of a hedgehog predicting the end of winter. They adapted the groundhog as replacement meteorologist since there were no hedgehogs in the part of Pennsylvania where they settled. Fastnacht/Karneval (Carnival/Mardi Gras) The date varies, but the German version of Mardi Gras, the last opportunity to celebrate before the Lenten season, goes by many names: Fastnacht, Fasching, Fasnacht, Fasnet, or  Karneval.   A highlight of the main highlight, the Rosenmontag, is the so-called Weiberfastnacht or  Fat Thursday, celebrated on the Thursday before Karneval.   The Rosenmontag is the main celebration day of Karneval, which features parades, and ceremonies to drive out any evil spirits.   April:  Ostern  (Easter) The Germanic celebration of Ostern features the same fertility and spring-related icons- eggs, rabbits, flowers- and many of the same Easter customs as other Western versions. The three major German-speaking countries (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) are predominantly Christian. The art of decorating hollowed-out eggs is an Austrian and German tradition. A little bit to the east, in Poland, Easter is a way more relevant holiday than in Germany May: May Day The first day in May is a national holiday in Germany, Austria, and most of Europe. International Workers Day is observed in many countries on May 1. Other German customs in May celebrate the arrival of spring. Walpurgis Night (Walpurgisnacht), the night before May Day, is similar to Halloween in that it has to do with supernatural spirits, and has pagan roots. Its marked with bonfires to drive away the last of winter and welcome the planting season.   Juni (June):  Vatertag (Fathers Day)   Fathers Day in Germany began in the Middle Ages as a religious procession honoring God the father, on Ascension Day, which is after Easter. In modern-day Germany,  Vatertag is closer to a boys day out, with a pub tour than the more family-friendly American version of the holiday.   Oktober (October): Oktoberfest Even though it starts in September, the most German of holidays is called Oktoberfest. This holiday started in 1810 with the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese von  Sachsen-Hildburghausen. They held a big party near Munich, and it was so popular that it became an annual event, with beer, food, and entertainment.   Erntedankfest In German-speaking countries, Erntedankfest, or Thanksgiving, is celebrated on the first Sunday in October, which is usually also the first Sunday following Michaelistag or Michaelmas. Its primarily a religious holiday, but with dancing, food, music, and parades. The American Thanksgiving tradition of eating turkey has usurped the traditional meal of goose in recent years.   November: Martinmas (Martinstag) The Feast of Saint Martin, the Germanic Martinstag celebration, is sort of like a combination of  Halloween and Thanksgiving. The legend of Saint Martin tells the story of the dividing of the cloak, when Martin, then a soldier in the Roman army, tore his cloak in two to share it with a freezing beggar at Amiens. In the past, Martinstag was celebrated as the end of the harvest season, and in modern times has become  the unofficial start of the Christmas shopping season in German-speaking countries in Europe. December (Dezsember):  Weihnachten (Christmas) Germany provided the roots of many of the American celebrations of Christmas, including Kris Kringle, which is a corruption of the German phrase for the Christ child: Christkindl. Eventually, the name became synonymous with Santa Claus.   The Christmas tree is another German tradition that has become part of many Western celebrations, as is the idea of celebrating St. Nicholas (whos also become synonymous with Santa Claus and Father Christmas).

How to Set Up an Amazon Author Central Page in 3 Simple Steps

How to Set Up an Amazon Author Central Page in 3 Simple Steps How to Set Up Your Amazon Author Central Page Indie authors know the pressure of having to set up profiles on every new platform that pops up, promising to help you market and sell your books: Goodreads, Facebook, BookBub, oh my! It definitely adds up. But there’s one major tool that - if you haven’t already signed up for - you absolutely shouldn’t overlook: Amazon Author Central.What is Amazon Author Central?Amazon Author Central is a free tool that authors who have published a book through Amazon can sign up for   - whether they’ve published in print or ebook through Kindle Direct Publishing, or an audiobook through ACX. You can think of an Author Central account as your own private headquarters at today’s largest book retailer.Two of the significant updates that have been announced so far include:The ability for authors to manage their books and profile on all the different Amazon marketplaces from their one account - so they won’t need to log in and out to all of the internatio nal sites.It will also give users access to Amazon Author Insights: a hub of articles with tips on writing, publishing, and marketing.Have you tested out the beta program? Have you already used Author Central to optimize your Author Page? We’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments below!

Art Movement of Suprematism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art Movement of Suprematism - Assignment Example Malevich was a Russian painter and theoretician in the art as well, and he is the recognized founder of the Suprematist art movement. One of his most popular works is the White on a White painting which is Oil on Canvas square piece measuring 79.4 centimeters. It dates back to the year 1935 and remains an outstanding piece that pioneered this art movement. In the description, the piece is a simple square frame that has a smaller inner square tilted slightly clockwise so that it seems to be standing on its bottom-right edge. The inner white square, placed off-center in that it leans to the right more than it does to the left rests on a bigger outer square that seems warmer. Both squares have rich texture on their surfaces. The resulting effect is the creation of an illusion of volume and depth by the use of a single color. Born Lazar Markovich Lissitzky, this man was born in Smolensk, Russia in eighteen-ninety and died in Moscow in nineteen-forty one. He is famous as an influential twentieth-century typographer, designer, and painter. According to Sarabianov (n.p.), he met Malevich at Vitebsk in 1919 at the Revolutionary People’s Art School where he was teaching graphics and architecture.

The role of mediation towards conflict resolution (with examples) Essay

The role of mediation towards conflict resolution (with examples) - Essay Example The paper tells that in the todays fast pace world of utter competition, in order to accomplish the goals and objectives, team working has become a necessity. The team or the group of people works towards a common goal where all the members are proficient enough to make decisions, solve problems, and share responsibilities. However, when one or more than one person works on a particular task or activity, discrepancies, inconsistent views or conflict is likely to occur generally. This is because every individual not only belongs to different backgrounds but also have lived diverse and dissimilar experiences in their lives, and thus, it leads to have diverse and dissimilar perceptions even when working on a common goal. In some situations, the conflict is nominal and may cause lesser amount of stress, however, in other cases; it might prove to have worse effects. Therefore, the understanding of the temperament and nature of the conflict is of great importance, which can lead to the con structive solutions as to how the conflict can come under resolution in a beneficial manner in order to improve the relationships that come under its affection. Studies reveal the fact that numerous causes can add to conflicts. In fact, when a person or a group of people comes under employment to perform a particular task that is contrasting to their needs or interest, conflicts is likely to occur. In addition, when the group of people has exclusive and independent behavioral preferences with respect to their mutual actions can also give rise to conflicts. A number of people do not have the ability or proficiency to communicate effectively and efficiently. Therefore, poor communication skills between people are also one of the prime reasons that can cause conflict. It has also come under observation that inadequate skills and knowledge are also one of the imperative contributors for creating a conflict amongst the people (Pahl,  Richter &  Rohrschneider, pp. 3-10, 2009). This is due to the reason that if a person in a group of people lack special skills or knowledge, the goals is unlikely to come under execution, which escalates the probability of conflict. The mentioned were few of the instances that can lead to conflicts amongst people, however, conflict resolution provides various solutions that can eliminate the differences between the people and improve or enhance their bond or correlation (Pahl,  Richter &  Rohrschneider, pp. 3-10, 2009). It has come to notice that culture plays a dominant, leading, and sensitive role in conflict resolution whether it is on a professional practice or in academic field. This can come under well understanding with the notion that in Western civilization, people in general opt for and promote open communication among disputants, solves their issues and outline agreements on a mutual basis that meet the principal and basic needs of both the parties. This means that the conflict resolvers make both the parties agree t o have a win-win situation where all the people under conflict get an equal satisfactory circumstance. A win-win situation is essential in the non-Western culture as well, but the way of resolving the conflict is somewhat different in nature (Avruch, pp. 24-27, 1998). However, while looking at the other end of the spectrum

Religious reform in the Age of Enlightenment Essay

Religious reform in the Age of Enlightenment - Essay Example the religious reform in the Age of Enlightenment then becomes an interesting topic, considering the fact that religion is fundamentally based on faith and traditions, yet the Age of Enlightenment was introducing reason, thus creating a fundamental conflict that would see religion change. Thus, despite the fact that religion does not auger well with reason and rationality; with rationality conflicting the provisions of the religious doctrine most of the time, then it will be interesting to see how reason and faith played to transform religion during this period. Therefore, the conflict between faith in religion and reason becomes the major reason why this topic has been selected. Concepts that will be used in your analysis of the text Secularism: This concept will be used to represent the non-religious culture of faithless action that is not based on any doctrines of religion or any sacred scripture, but solely dependent on the human reason, desire, and freedoms (Shapin, 47). Alternative Religion: This concept will feature in the analysis of the text, to represent other different options that emerged during the age of enlightenment, to replace the tradition of blind faith with reason as well as the freedom to act against the traditional religion and sacred traditions and doctrines (Ingram, 36). Religious reform: This is a concept that will be applied to represent the actual process of transitioning from the traditional religious ways and customs to the new culture of secularism and rationality in faith doctrines.

The Purpose of Internal Controls

The Purpose of Internal Controls Internal controls are a relevant part of any business. In order for an organization to meet its obligations and be a success it is imperative that it implements controls in an attempt to safeguard its assets, its employee and its continual existence. This paper explains the reasons why internal controls needs to be implemented, present a framework which describes its components and identify entities which foresees that procedures are followed and maintained. Controlling What Happens Robins defend territories as pairs during the breeding season and as individuals during the winter. When dogs find bones, they bury it in a safe place and constantly make sure they are safe at all times. What these animal have in common is their desire to protect their assets and possessions. One of the most important acts a manager can do is to safeguard assets. The main purpose of internal controls is to help the organization to achieve its objectives and to make sure that the business operates as efficiently and as professionally as possible. In order to understand internal controls, it is imperative that one knows what they are, the definition of internal controls, the categories, the components of internal controls as well as the entities that foresee that internal control procedures are followed and maintained. According to â€Å"SEC Proposes Rules on Internal Controls, Ethics Codes and Financial Experts on Audit Committees,† the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants defines internal controls as â€Å"controls that pertain to the preparation of financial statements for external purposes that are fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as addressed by the Codification of Auditing Standards Section 319 or any superseding definition or other literature that is issued or adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board† ( Haynes and Boone, LLP, 2002). They play a vital role and cannot be omitted from a business. This is because they ensure that employees as well as employers are providing reasonable assertions. In other words, they check the employees and employers actions and thoughts in a way which are meant to promote and better the business by preventing them from doing things their own way, or from robbing the business . They are established by management and they must make sure it is effective. According to R. L. Hurt, the significance of controls cannot be stressed enough, â€Å"In the importance of internal controls managers, stockholders, employees, and other organizational stakeholders want a company to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible, to have financial statements that are reliable, and to make sure their assets are safe† (Hurt, 2008, p.53). They are basically a plan of organization within a business which co-ordinates with all the methods used in the business to safeguard its assets. It further promotes productivity and aids management to hold on to rules and policies of the organization. Internal controls can be classified into two; preventive and detective. The main purpose of preventive controls is to detect errors within or dampen the chances of fraud. According to â€Å"Internal Control Concept and Framework,† preventive control activities â€Å"aim to deter the instance of errors or fraud† (University Of Washington, 2009). This is the most effective control because it checks against fraud, scams and errors before they occur. It is important to note that before it can become effective, it will be necessary to have a strong risk detection system within the organization. Detective controls identify errors or fraudulent activities after they take place. In other words, â€Å"Detective control activities identify undesirable occurrences after the fact† (University Of Washington, 2009). This method can cause problems if the after effect was significant, such as Enron and WorldCom. In such occasions, the most common detective control is reconciliat ion. In an attempt to help businesses and organization improve their internal control systems, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions, otherwise known as COSO was formed. COSO is a voluntary private-sector organization and was established in 1985 and consists of a select committee which includes the American Accounting Association, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Financial Executives International, Institute of Management Accountants and The Institute of Internal Auditors (The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions). The main purpose of COSO is to identify actions or activities which influence fraudulent practices in businesses and to identify way of minimizing their occurrences. According to the American Accounting Association, â€Å"COSOs Mission is to provide thought leadership on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud deterrence designed to improve organizational performance and governance and to reduce the extent of fraud in organizations†(American Accounting Association, 2008, p. 3). In 1992, COSO established an internal control framework which consists of five components and are meant to be integrated within the management process to ensure success. These components consist of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and finally monitoring. Control Environment deals with the controllers and leaders of the business or company. In other words, this component talks mainly with management. The whole purpose is to make managers aware that internal controls begin in top management and thus cannot be effective without them playing an integral role in it. According to Lightle, Castellano and Cutting in their article, â€Å"Assessing the Control Environment,† they state that, â€Å"Of the five, the control environment may be the most critical, as well as the most difficult to manage and evaluate effectively† (Lightle, Castellano, Cutting, 2007, p. 52). They further state that â€Å"An effective control environment supports and strengthens the other control elements whereas a weak control environment undermines the other elements, rendering them useless† (p. 51). This environment emphasizes that if controls are not taken seriously by management, employees will also not take it serious. This is the reason why control environment is the backbone of the rest of the controls and without it, implementing ethical values and integrity in employees will be difficult. Risk assessment deals with the processes used to identifying organizational risks and threats within an organization and finding cost effective controls to deal with them. According to AICPA, risk assessment is â€Å"the identification and analysis of relevant risks to achieve the objectives that form the basis to determine how risks should be managed† (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2005). An effective way to make this work is to consider both internal and external aspect of the business before it can be successful to its highest capacity. According to Sarbanes-Oxley, an â€Å"effective risk assessment requires; definition of the objectives, determination of the compatibility of the objectives, identification of risks to achieving the objectives, determination of risks associated with change, judgment as to which risks are critical and determination of actions to mitigate risks starting with the critical ones† (Walz, 2008). The third internal control framework of COSO is control activities. This component deals with the actions or actual controls executed in response to the information acquired from an effective risk assessment. They are the actual policies and procedures such as authorizations and approvals which aid management in making sure that organizational objectives are achievable. Information and communication is another important part of business which cannot be overlooked. This is because the process and what information is passed on can cause a lot of problems within the organization. It is imperative that the information flows is as accurate in the organization as possible in a way that ensures the right message is sent to the right person with the right encoding and the receiver has no problem in deciphering it. Effective information and communication helps in minimizing control risks and is directed mainly to employees to be responsible and careful in how they deal with sending and receiving information. In summary, the information and communication component aims in improving or maintaining quality and efficiency in communication within the organization. Unfortunately, some businesses are too big to accommodate any significant control process. According to â€Å"Effective Internal Control Systems Are Key to Ensuring Compliance†, â€Å"Informatio n and communication are the identification, capture, and exchange of information in a form and time frame that enable people to carry out their responsibilities† (Gundling, 2003). Monitoring is the final component of the COSO framework. It deals mainly with the evaluation and assessment of the organizations system of controls. It basically looks as the operations of an organization over a period of time to evaluate whether their objectives are being accomplished. So in effect, it is imperative that management assesses their internal control system to make sure that they are acquiescent to the organizations standard of controlling risks. According to â€Å"COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring†, â€Å"COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring,† he states that effective monitoring occurs by â€Å"establishing a foundation for monitoring, designing and executing monitoring procedures that are prioritized based on risk and reporting the results of monitoring to the appropriate level† (McCollum, 2008). A good way to ensure monitoring is used in its most effective way is to ensure that there are people who are qualified or have gone through training in that field and can ensure that the process it taken the tight way. This is because if management does not fully comprehend its importance the whole process could fall apart. One important aspect of monitoring is that the process should be taken serious and that risks discovered during that period should be directed to the relevant staff for corrective measures. Because of the extreme impact of the scandals that Enron and WoldCom brought into the business field, there have been entities which have been placed into the business field to prevent these fraudulent activities from occurring, one of these is the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. According to† Making compliance effective,† the act â€Å"was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bush in large part because of the spectacular failures of Enron, WorldCom and other public companies† (Engle, 2009). Understanding the importance of internal controls can be difficult to comprehend. However the consequences of not adhering them are tougher to deal with. This can be seen by the utter chaos Enron and WorldCom have caused. Without controls goals and assets will be lost and operations will be terminated prematurely. Without internal controls, soon there will be no business. References Haynes and Boone, LLP, (2002). SEC Proposes Rules on Internal Controls, Ethics Codes and Financial Experts on Audit Committees. World Services Group, Retrieved from http://www.hg.org/articles/article_201.html Hurt, R. L. (2008). Accounting Information Systems: Basic Concepts Current Issues. New York: McGraw-Hill. University Of Washington, (2009, July 16). Internal Control Concept and Framework. Retrieved from http://www.washington.edu/admin/finacct/office/internalcontrol/frame.html The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions, Initials. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from http://www.coso.org/aboutus.htm American Accounting Association, (2008, April, 1). Mission and operating policies. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations, Retrieved 09/07/2009, from http://aaahq.org/newsarc/COSOChairPosition.pdf Lightle, S., Castellano, J., Cutting, B. (2007, December). Assessing the control environment. Internal Auditor, 64(6), 51-56. Retrieved 09/07/2009, from Business Source Complete database. http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=28323854site=ehost-livescope=site American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2005). Internal control: a tool for the audit committee. Retrieved 09/07/2009, from American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Web site: http://www.aicpa.org/audcommctr/toolkitsnpo/Internal_Control.htm Walz, John (2008, April 11). Retrieved 09/07/2009, from Table Comparing COSO and ISO 9001 Web site: http://www4.asq.org/blogs/sarbanes-oxley/2008/04/table_comparing_coso_and_iso_9.html Gundling, Richard L. (2003, October). Effective internal control systems are key to ensuring compliance. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 2, Retrieved 09/07/2009, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=11291132site=bsi-live McCollum, T (2008, August). COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring. Internal Auditor, [65(4)], [13-14, 2]. Engle, Paul. (2009). Making compliance effective. Industrial Engineer: IE, 41(8), Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=43346883site=ehost-livescope=site